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What Is Green Mobility? Green Mobility develops corporate programmes to cut down on commutes in cities using private motor vehicles. This reduces congestion but also improves public transportation and the quality of life. Green mobility can be utilized to reduce air pollution, decrease climate impact, and promote an active lifestyle. Examples of green mobility are: Policy Interventions Green mobility is achievable through many policies. The first is spatial policies that aim to reduce the amount of traffic in urban areas while encouraging the use of sustainable transportation modes. These tend to be small-scale interventions (e.g. restrictions on parking spaces, speed limits or the use of bicycle lanes) and have a high degree of flexibility, since they can be adapted to local conditions. Another set of instruments for policy seeks to alter the structure of travel through the promotion of alternative fuels and technologies for vehicles (e.g. electric vehicles) or by encouraging the sharing of vehicles and routes. These policies can also include steps to increase accessibility to public transport, for example through incentives for financial or other means, or by allowing more options. The promotion of green mobility can also require changing the business model in terms of economic development, the planning of land use. But, this requires political will and a large degree of coordination between sectors. Additionally, it must be noted that a broad and equitable shift to green mobility is contingent on addressing existing inequalities. In cities with an abundance of high-value jobs like business services, information and communications technology, expanding green mobility could lead to an increase in access for neighbourhoods of the upper and middle classes while reducing opportunities and jobs in areas with lower incomes. A third set of policy instruments aims at reducing the negative externalities related to transportation and promotes more sustainable energy sources including carbon pricing and renewables. These policies can be enacted on a local, national or EU level. These policies are able to be implemented at local, national and EU levels. They can also promote the development of electric vehicles and charging infrastructure and encourage a shift to sustainable modes of transportation. At the local level, this could involve implementing measures aimed at fostering a culture of sustainability and creating new habits through education, awareness campaigns, and various other initiatives. At the national and EU levels, it may include leveraging global economic stimulus to encourage consumers to purchase EVs and expanding high-speed rail networks as well as supporting research and innovation in batteries and hydrogen. EV Adoption The rate of change between traditional internal combustion (IC) and electric power, is contingent on several factors. One factor is the economic situation of a country and its national policy. In the past, countries with high incomes, such as Norway and China have led the charge by promoting both EV production and consumer incentive programs. These financial incentives allowed for a dynamic EV market to develop, which in turn reduced costs. These countries also have strong policies regarding energy that encourage sustainable energy use. They also emphasize the construction of an extensive public charging system to eliminate range anxieties for new electric vehicle users. This approach has had a positive impact on overall EV adoption. This is evident in the vehicle-in use data, which shows that the percentage of the fleet is EV is increasing faster than new registrations or retirements. Despite these positive trends, EV penetration remains lower than what is projected. The good news is the expected rate of growth will accelerate due to current and future technological advancements. This will lower the price of batteries even more. Many Considerers and Skeptics are likely to electric vehicles sooner. The accelerating growth of EV ownership is also being driven by the fact that more people are utilizing EVs as vehicles for work. In doing so they can have the chance to assist in shifting fleets of companies to a more sustainable solution. In turn, this can aid in reducing a company's carbon footprint and contribute to the wider goal of creating a zero-carbon world for mobility. The decision of the government's policymakers to prioritize long-term investment or short-term incentive will ultimately determine the rate at which EVs are replacing traditional vehicles. No matter which direction a nation takes it is crucial to remember that EVs must be more of a part of the fleet in order to be successful and to be the most sustainable option. All stakeholders must be involved including consumers, the government and the entire ecosystem of industry. EV Charging Infrastructure To realize the benefits of electrifying transportation sector, owners of electric vehicles require a reliable charging infrastructure. Public EV chargers can be placed in parking garages, workplaces, multiunit dwellings and other public areas. There are also home charging stations that can be put in by EV drivers, and portable chargers on demand that can be used on-the-go to reduce anxiety about distance. This charging infrastructure contributes to the clean energy goals of the United States and supports electrification of the transportation system. The infrastructure is being built in suburban, rural and urban areas. The Biden Administration partners with state and local governments to encourage EV adoption. This is done by making it easier to invest in new charging facilities. Electric vehicle charging is an efficient healthy, safe and secure alternative to gasoline-powered vehicles and trucks. It can help reduce greenhouse gas emissions and air pollution, and aid in reducing climate change. In addition, it could support economic development and create jobs with high wages. Despite the many benefits an EV offers however, there are some obstacles to its widespread use. These include the cost of the EV and the lack of charging facilities for public use. Providing equitable access to EV charging can help to overcome these obstacles, ensuring that all residents of the community are able to benefit from the environmental and health benefits of green mobility. This can be achieved by creating a network publicly accessible EV charging station locations throughout the community. Additionally, it can be promoted through programs that offer incentives to private entities and businesses to install EV chargers at their properties. This can include rebates, tax credits and other financial benefits. A simpler permitting process could make it simpler for businesses and homeowners alike to set up electric vehicle chargers on their premises. Establishing a set of best practices for the design and installation of EV charging station can also ensure that they're effective, efficient, and easy to use. Lastly, leveraging existing technology to improve EV charger efficiency could be a method for communities to promote the sustainability of an EV charging network. This can be accomplished by connecting EV charger infrastructure with smart city technologies that gather and analyze data to inform better energy usage decisions. power mobility scooter of EVs to the grid requires the consideration of a variety of stakeholders and systems that are involved in urban mobility services. The integration of EVs requires new technology for managing the flow of energy from EVs into and out of the grid. EVs also provide the opportunity to integrate renewable energy (RE) into the electricity supply system, via vehicle-to-grid (V2G) and grid-to-car (G2V) capability. This permits EV owners to arbitrage prices for energy and to enter decreased-price contracts with energy providers. Additionally, EVs can offer backup electricity services during power outages and decrease the need for the grid to use traditional energy sources. To encourage the use of EVs, utilities may provide incentives to customers to purchase and install EV chargers on their premises. These incentives could take the form of vouchers, cashbacks or rebates. Utility companies can also implement time-of use rates to encourage EV owners to shift their load from high demand hours. These measures will help reduce the burden on the grid and reduce CO2 emissions. In order to integrate EVs with the electricity grid, it is important to develop charging infrastructure that will enable communication between EVs and the power system. This includes the installation of smart charging stations as well as EV-to-grid interfaces (G2V) which allow information transfer between the EV and the charging station. These technologies can improve EV charge speed, and monitor EV State of Charge (SOC) and provide real-time feedback to the driver. Additionally, a safe and secure EV charging network is vital to ensure the trust of users in the technology. These networks are extremely complex and require a specialized design to tackle cybersecurity threats like hacking malware, phishing, and botnets. These threats can impact the safety and performance both of EVs and the grid. To ensure an entirely sustainable EV integration, it is important to look at all the components and actors that are involved in this process. Previous studies on EV integration have only explored technological solutions without taking into account the business perspective. This study utilizes secondary data to explore a business model to integrate EVs in order to achieve sustainable energy solutions for smart cities.